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一般情况下，地震发生前都会出现各种异常信号，重点监测这些地震前兆信号对研究地震有重要意义。基于分布式光纤传感的地震监测应用系统，由于其自身的独特优势，在地震勘探领域正得到越来越广泛的重视，是目前理论界和实际应用的研究热点。DAS系统的基本原理是基于光纤的弹光效应，通过探测由弹光效应产生的光信号的相位、波长等参量，可以实现对地震波的监测。DAS系统可以通过检测激光脉冲在光纤中散射引起的相位变化来测量光纤的轴向应变，其中光纤的每一小段都可以等同为一个单分量应变仪，地表仪器系统与光纤相连接受信号，用于分析振动信号并将其转换为地震信号进行分析；DAS率先在地震勘探领域中得到应用，之后逐渐推广到微地震、VSP井中地震勘探等领域，甚至有研究项目已经开始在海上进行监测，取得了实际效果；国内外关于应用光纤传感技术地震计的研究和应用，充分证明了光纤传感技术地震计未来不可或缺的研究方向，未来在监测的精度和工程应用领域出现的各种问题将会是继续跟踪的研究重点。
Abstract：In general, there are all kinds of abnormal signals before an earthquake. Therefore, seismic monitoring which was focused on this kind of precursory signals made a lot of sense for earthquake study.Seismic monitoring application system based on the distributed optical fiber sensor, has been widely recognized in seismic exploration because of its own advantages. It has been a focused topic in theory and practical application at present. The basic principle of DAS is the elasto-optical effect based on the optical fiber. By detecting the parameters such as the phase of the optical signals and wavelength caused by the elasto-optical effect,the seismic wave monitoring can be realized. DAS can be used to survey the axial strain of optical fiber by detecting the phase changes caused by laser pulse scattering in fiber. Each short segment of the optical fiber can be equated to a single component strain gauge. The surface instrumentation system is connected to optical fiber,based on which the vibration signal can be analyzed and converted into seismic signals. DAS was first applied in the field of seismic exploration. Then it was gradually extended to seismic exploration in micro-seismic VSP Wells. Some research projects have begun to be monitored at sea,which has achieved practical results. The research and application of seismometer based on optical fiber sensing technology at home and abroad have proved an indispensable research direction for the future. Future problems in monitoring accuracy and engineering applications will be the focus research.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.13693/j.cnki.cn21-1573.2022.01.009
中图分类号:P315.7
引用信息:
[1]孙艺玫,赵雷,罗斐,等.分布式光纤传感器原理及在地震监测中的应用研究现状[J].防灾减灾学报,2022,38(01):67-73.DOI:10.13693/j.cnki.cn21-1573.2022.01.009.
基金信息:
辽宁省重点研发计划指导计划项目（2019JH810300109）